0461 | Photo | SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen"

Operation "Black". A soldier of the SS Division "Prinz Eugen" caught at an awkward moment on the way to the operational area. But there is no shame among soldiers and it is always better to take care of certain physiological needs before battle. (As with animals, involuntary excretion of feces or urine in threatening situations is relatively common for humans. In a survey conducted on US soldiers after World War II, as many as 21% of the sample studied reported losing control of the bowels during battle, and 9% losing control of the bladder.)

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: Hugo Kemps, SS War Correspondent Battalion.

Date: May 1943.

Location: unknown, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

Sources: National Archives, 242-JRP-41-11-28; P. L. Broadhurst, "Experiments in psychogenetics", Experiments in Personality (ed. H. J. Eysenck), Routledge, London, 2013, vol. I, p. 37. (Photo restoration: Ivan Ž.)

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Index

Operacija "Crno". Vojnik SS-divizije "Princ Ojgen" uhvaćen u nezgodnom trenutku na putu ka operativnom području. Naravno, među vojnicima stida nema, a određene fiziološke potrebe uvek je bolje obaviti pre borbe. (Kao i kod životinja, nevoljno pražnjenje creva ili bešike u opasnim situacijama relativno je česta pojava kod ljudi. U jednom istraživanju sprovedenom nad američkim vojnicima posle II svetskog rata, čak je 21% ispitanika prijavilo gubitak kontrole nad crevima tokom borbi, a 9% nad bešikom.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: Hugo Kemps, Ratnodopisnički bataljon SS-a.

Datum: maj 1943.

Mesto: nepoznato, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvori: National Archives, 242-JRP-41-11-28; P. L. Broadhurst, "Experiments in psychogenetics", Experiments in Personality (ured. H. J. Eysenck), Routledge, London, 2013, sv. I, str. 37. (Foto-restauracija: Ivan Ž.)

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0460 | Photo | Magyar Királyi Honvédség

An affectionate Hungarian sergeant (szakaszvezető) poses for a souvenir photo, holding in his arms a seized "Chetnik piggy" (as one of the Hungarians sarcastically called it on the back of the photo), in the early days of the occupation of Bačka. Unfortunately, much worse crimes than the seizure of livestock were committed when the Hungarian troops entered Bačka, under the pretext of Chetnik-fighting. In various places, including the four largest cities (Novi Sad, Subotica, Sombor and Senta), the Hungarian troops – having staged skirmishes with the Chetniks – committed series of horrific crimes against the population of Serbian, Slavic and Jewish origin. People were arrested, robbed, abused and murdered (among the dead were women, children and the elderly). In Novi Sad alone, about 500 people were killed in the first three days of the occupation (the exact number was never determined, since many bodies were thrown into river, or buried in hidden places). The massacre of Bačka Serbs and Jews continued already at the beginning of the following year, in an action named "The Raid".

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: unknown.

Date: April 1941.

Location: unknown, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: "Chetnik piggy held prisoner by the central squad."

Sources: Fortepan, Klenner Aladár, 77013; Drago Njegovan (ed.), Zločini okupatora i njihovih pomagača u Vojvodini, Prometej, Malo istorijsko društvo, Novi Sad, 2011, bk 4, pp. 8, 21–43, 65–80. (Photo restoration: Ivan Ž.)

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Index

Razneženi mađarski narednik (szakaszvezető) pozira za uspomenu držeći u naručju zaplenjeno "četničko prase" (kako ga je jedan od Mađara sarkastično nazvao na poleđini fotografije), u prvim danima okupacije Bačke. Nažalost, prilikom ulaska mađarskih trupa u Bačku vršeni su mnogo gori zločini od oduzimanja stoke, pod izgovorom borbe protiv četnika. U raznim mestima, uključujući i četiri najveća grada (Novi Sad, Suboticu, Sombor i Sentu), mađarska vojska je – insceniravši okršaje sa četnicima – izvršila niz strašnih zločina nad stanovništvom srpskog, slovenskog i jevrejskog porekla. Ljudi su hapšeni, pljačkani, zlostavljani i ubijani (među mrtvima je bilo i žena, dece i staraca). Samo u Novom Sadu, u prva tri dana okupacije pobijeno je oko 500 ljudi (tačan broj nikada nije utvrđen jer su mnogi leševi bačeni u reku, ili zakopani na skrivenim mestima). Masovno ubijanje bačkih Srba i Jevreja nastavljeno je već početkom sledeće godine, u akciji nazvanoj "racija".

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: nepoznat.

Datum: april 1941.

Mesto: nepoznato, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: "Četničko prase u zarobljeništvu kod centralnog odreda."

Izvori: Fortepan, Klenner Aladár, 77013; Drago Njegovan (prir.), Zločini okupatora i njihovih pomagača u Vojvodini, Prometej, Malo istorijsko društvo, Novi Sad, 2011, knj. 4, str. 8, 21–43, 65–80. (Foto-restauracija: Ivan Ž.)

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0459 | Photo | Srpski dobrovoljački korpus

Opening of the Serbian Labour Union Youth Centre in Belgrade. The commander of the Serbian Volunteer Corps, Colonel Kosta Mušicki, kisses the cross during the consecration of the Youth Centre of the Serbian Labour Union (Srpska zajednica rada, short: Srbozar), Dalmatian Street 37. (The building was actually erected over a decade earlier, in 1932, as a dormitory of the Belgrade Gajret "Osman Đikić". It was designed by Bogdan Nestorović, and one of its first student residents was Mehmed "Meša" Selimović, a future Partisan commissar and famous writer. After the war, the centre was named after shot student and KPJ activist Vera Blagojević, and it still bears her name.) Standing to the left of Mušicki is General Borivoje Jonić, commander of the Serbian State Guard and brother of Minister of Education Velibor Jonić; seen in the background, on the right, are Serbian youths in folk costumes.

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: unknown.

Date: 18 July 1943.

Location: Belgrade, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

Sources: Muzej Jugoslavije, via Arhiv Znaci, 11909; Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu jugoslovenskih naroda, Vojnoistorijski institut, Beograd, 1953, vol. I, bk 3, p. 369; Nadir H. Dacić, Beogradski Gajret – Osman Đikić (doctoral dissertation), Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filološki fakultet, 2015, pp. 134–141; "U prošlu nedelju izvršeno je u Dalmatinskoj ulici svečano otvaranje Doma omladine Srbozara", Kolo, Beograd, 24.07.1943, no 82, p. 12; Radovan Popović, "Koreni hrasta – Meša Selimović", Večernje novosti (online), 10.02.2009; ibid., 11.02.2009; "Vera Blagojević", Ustanova Studentski centar Beograd. (Photo restoration: Ivan Ž.)

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Index

Otvaranje Doma omladine Srpske zajednice rada u Beogradu. Komandant Srpskog dobrovoljačkog korpusa, pukovnik Kosta Mušicki, celiva krst prilikom osvećenja Doma omladine Srpske zajednice rada (skraćeno: Srbozara), u Dalmatinskoj 37. (Ovo je zdanje zapravo podignuto više od decenije ranije, 1932. godine, kao studentski dom Beogradskog Gajreta "Osman Đikić". Projektovao ga je Bogdan Nestorović, a među prvim studentima koji su u njemu boravili bio je Mehmed Meša Selimović, budući partizanski komesar i čuveni književnik. Dom je posle rata dobio ime po streljanoj studentkinji i aktivistkinji KPJ Veri Blagojević, koje nosi i danas.) Levo od Mušickog stoji general Borivoje Jonić, komandant Srpske državne straže i brat ministra prosvete Velibora Jonića; u pozadini, desno, vide se srpske omladinke u narodnoj nošnji.

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: nepoznat.

Datum: 18. jul 1943.

Mesto: Beograd, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvori: Muzej Jugoslavije, via Arhiv Znaci, 11909; Zbornik dokumenata i podataka o narodnooslobodilačkom ratu jugoslovenskih naroda, Vojnoistorijski institut, Beograd, 1953, tom I, knj. 3, str. 369; Nadir H. Dacić, Beogradski Gajret – Osman Đikić (doktorska disertacija), Univerzitet u Beogradu, Filološki fakultet, 2015, str. 134–141; "U prošlu nedelju izvršeno je u Dalmatinskoj ulici svečano otvaranje Doma omladine Srbozara", Kolo, Beograd, 24.07.1943, br. 82, str. 12; Radovan Popović, "Koreni hrasta – Meša Selimović", Večernje novosti (online), 10.02.2009; ibid., 11.02.2009; "Vera Blagojević", Ustanova Studentski centar Beograd. (Foto-restauracija: Ivan Ž.)

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0458 | Photo | Balli Kombëtar

National Front parade in Priština. Young Kosovo Albanians, members of the National Front (Balli Kombëtar – the so-called Ballists, that is, Frontists), listen to their leaders' speeches in front of Hotel "Scanderbeg" in Priština. On their white caps, they wear the coat of arms of Albania – a black double-headed eagle on a red field – an old Byzantine symbol that their national hero George Castriot "Scanderbeg" adopted after reverting to Christianity, and used during his quarter-of-a-century-long struggle against the Ottomans. The Albanian people, however, were far more influenced by the centuries of Turkish rule than by the Christian warlord Scanderbeg (translated: Lord Alexander), which was also reported by the commander of the Albanian SS division (of the same name), August Schmidhuber, October 1944: "As a 400-year-old Turkish province, Albania has remained 'more Turkish' in every way than Turkey itself. Starting with women's veils up to the national concept. Since the death of their national hero Scanderbeg (1468), the Albanians have not evolved, but vegetated. They do not yet have a strong national and state awareness, but still live, like the old Germanic peoples, in a clannish and tribal mindset. The ethnic fate of Albania after Scanderbeg's death could probably be best compared to what Germany would be like if it had not produced another leader after the Cheruscan Lord Arminius." (Arminius was killed in the 1st century CE.)

Text: Ivan Ž.; August Schmidhuber.

Photographer: Ernst A. Zwilling, Air Force War Correspondent Battalion South-East.

Date: July 1944.

Location: Priština, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

Sources: ECPAD, LFT SO F2684 L11; Bundesarchiv, RS 3-21/1; Oliver Jens Schmitt, Skanderbeg – Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2009, pp. 15, 90, 242, 333; Johannes Bühler, "Arminius der Cherusker", Deutsche Biographie. (Photo restoration: Ivan Ž.)

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Index

Parada Nacionalnog fronta u Prištini. Mladi kosovski Albanci, članovi Nacionalnog fronta (Balli Kombëtar – tzv. balisti, odnosno frontovci), slušaju govore svojih vođa pred Hotelom "Skenderbeg" u Prištini. Na svojim belim kapama oni nose grb Albanije – crnog dvoglavog orla u crvenom polju – stari vizantijski simbol koji je njihov nacionalni heroj Đurađ Kastriot Skenderbeg usvojio pri povratku u hrišćanstvo, i nosio tokom svoje četvrtvekovne borbe protiv Osmanlija. U albanskom narodu su, međutim, znatno veći trag ostavili vekovi provedeni pod Turcima nego hrišćanski vojskovođa Skenderbeg (u prevodu: knez Aleksandar), o čemu je pisao i komandant (istoimene) albanske SS-divizije, August Šmidhuber, oktobra 1944: "Albanija je kao četristogodišnja turska provincija u svakom pogledu ostala 'turskija' od same Turske. Počevši od ženskih velova pa sve do nacionalnog koncepta. Albanci se od smrti svog nacionalnog heroja Skenderbega (1468) nisu razvijali, već su vegetirali. Oni još uvek nemaju izraženu nacionalnu i državotvornu svest, nego se i dalje nalaze, kao i Germani nekada, u klanovskom i plemenskom stanju svesti. Etnička sudbina Albanije posle Skenderbegove smrti otprilike bi se najbolje mogla uporediti sa Nemačkom u slučaju da nije iznedrila nijednog drugog vođu posle heruskog kneza Arminija." (Arminije je ubijen u I veku n.e.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.; August Šmidhuber.

Fotograf: Ernst A. Cviling, Vazduhoplovni ratnodopisnički bataljon Jugoistok.

Datum: jul 1944.

Mesto: Priština, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvori: ECPAD, LFT SO F2684 L11; Bundesarchiv, RS 3-21/1; Oliver Jens Schmitt, Skanderbeg – Der neue Alexander auf dem Balkan, Verlag Friedrich Pustet, Regensburg, 2009, str. 15, 90, 242, 333; Johannes Bühler, "Arminius der Cherusker", Deutsche Biographie. (Foto-restauracija: Ivan Ž.)

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0457 | Photo | Populace

Operation 25. Diverting his eyes from the camera, a poor and frightened man salutes the Germans after the capture of Soko-Banja, at their request, for a memory and for mockery. The town of Soko-Banja was captured by the 4th Mountain Division (one of its members is seen in the background) on Catholic Easter, after fierce fighting with the rearguard of the Timok Division. (On the same day, the 1st Armoured Group captured the capital Belgrade.)

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: unknown, 4th Mountain Division.

Date: 13 April 1941.

Location: Soko-Banja, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

Sources: Catawiki, user-b16e2f7, 23198753; National Archives, RG 242, T78, r. 334, 6291172; Velimir Terzić, Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941 – Uzroci i posledice poraza, Narodna knjiga, Beograd, 1982, bk 2, p. 417; Miloš Žikić, "Timočka divizija u Aprilskom ratu 1941", Vojnoistorijski glasnik, Beograd, 2016, no 1, pp. 108–109. (Photo restoration: Ivan Ž.)

NOT ALLOWED: removing source credits from the files; using text without crediting the original author; using files and information for political propaganda and commercial purposes.

Index

Operacija 25. Odvraćajući pogled od objektiva, jedan uplašeni siromašak salutira Nemcima po zauzimanju Soko-Banje, na njihov zahtev, za uspomenu i za podsmeh. Grad Soko-Banju zauzela je 4. brdska divizija (u pozadini se vidi jedan od njenih pripadnika) na katolički Uskrs, posle žestokih borbi sa zaštitnicom Timočke divizije. (Istoga dana 1. oklopna grupa zauzela je prestonicu Beograd.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: nepoznat, 4. brdska divizija.

Datum: 13. april 1941.

Mesto: Soko-Banja, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvori: Catawiki, user-b16e2f7, 23198753; National Archives, RG 242, T78, r. 334, 6291172; Velimir Terzić, Slom Kraljevine Jugoslavije 1941 – Uzroci i posledice poraza, Narodna knjiga, Beograd, 1982, knj. 2, str. 417; Miloš Žikić, "Timočka divizija u Aprilskom ratu 1941", Vojnoistorijski glasnik, Beograd, 2016, br. 1, str. 108–109. (Foto-restauracija: Ivan Ž.)

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0456 | Photo | SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen"

Opanci shoes better than the mountain boots! With an ice axe in his hand and opanci on his feet, the commander of the 12th (Patrol) Company, 2nd Regiment, "Prinz Eugen" Division, SS-Untersturmführer Franz Josef Krombholz (future holder of the Knight's Cross and German Cross in Gold), explains to his troops that when climbing the smooth rock, it is better to wear the native opanci than the mountain boots. (The opanci are light and their sole is made of leather, unlike the special mountain boots, which are heavy and whose sole is reinforced with hobnails on all sides.) The photo was taken in the Mostar district, during one of the many exercises and preparations of the division for the upcoming Operation "Black".

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: Eugen Nonnenmacher, SS War Correspondent Battalion.

Date: April/May 1943.

Location: unknown (district of Mostar), Yugoslavia.

Original caption: "Rock gymnastics. The company commander teaches his troops the basic concepts of climbing and ascending. For better climbing on the smooth rock, the SS mountain troopers wear native opanci on their feet. The company commander wears them too."

Sources: Hubert Kuberski (private collection); AKG-Images, AKG6304976; National Archives, 242-JRP-82-19; ibid., RG 242, T354, r. 145, 3786364; Otto Kumm, Vorwärts, Prinz Eugen! Geschichte der 7. SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen", Winkelried-Verlag, Dresden, 2007, pp. 74, 290/291, 356. (Photo restoration: Ivan Ž.)

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Index

Opanci bolji od brdskih cokula! Sa cepinom u ruci i opancima na nogama, komandir 12. (patrolne) čete 2. puka divizije "Princ Ojgen", SS-unteršturmfirer Franc Jozef Krombholc (budući nosilac Viteškog krsta i Nemačkog krsta u zlatu), objašnjava svojim vojnicima da je prilikom penjanja po glatkom kamenu bolje nositi domaće opanke nego brdske cokule. (Opanci su laki i đon im je od kože, za razliku od specijalnih brdskih cokula, koje su teške i čiji je đon sa svih strana ojačan klincima.) Snimljeno u Mostarskom srezu, za vreme jedne od mnogobrojnih vežbi i priprema divizije za nastupajuću operaciju "Crno".

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: Ojgen Nonenmaher, Ratnodopisnički bataljon SS-a.

Datum: april/maj 1943.

Mesto: nepoznato (srez Mostarski), Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: "Kamena gimnastika. Komandir čete uči svoje lovce osnovnim pojmovima iz penjanja i uspinjanja. Za bolje penjanje po glatkom kamenu, brdski lovci SS-a na nogama nose domaće opanke. I komandir čete ih nosi."

Izvori: Hubert Kuberski (lična zbirka); AKG-Images, AKG6304976; National Archives, 242-JRP-82-19; ibid., RG 242, T354, r. 145, 3786364; Otto Kumm, Vorwärts, Prinz Eugen! Geschichte der 7. SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen", Winkelried-Verlag, Dresden, 2007, str. 74, 290/291, 356. (Foto-restauracija: Ivan Ž.)

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