0350 | Photo | SS-Freiwilligen-Division "Prinz Eugen"

Justifying the creation of the ethnic German SS Division "Prinz Eugen", August Schmidhuber, the last division commander, stated in his closing argument in court in Belgrade: "Every nation has the right to expect a healthy national feeling from its national minorities abroad. Why should the Banat Germans not be proud of their German nationality? The formation of the 'Prinz Eugen' Division, therefore, was logical. The division leaving Banat was Draža Mihailović's fault: we had to advance towards Kopaonik." Of course, the implication that the original purpose of the Banat Swabian division was to secure the (plain) Banat was not true, because it was officially a mountain unit right from the start, trained for mountain, counter-guerrilla warfare. However, it is true that the division left its homeland primarily in order to fight the Yugoslav Army rebels, that is, General Mihailović's Chetniks. The penultimate division commander, Otto Kumm, wrote in his history of the division: "In early October 1942, the division was transferred into the southwestern corner of Serbia in order to secure the area – while continuing intensive training. After the bloody suppression of Communist and nationalist uprisings in Serbia by German troops in the autumn of 1941, which particularly hit the towns of Šabac, Kraljevo, Kragujevac, Kruševac and others, the area was relatively quiet. Of course, there were still groups of armed rebels, especially national Chetniks, cruising the forests and mountains; but their will to fight was severely depleted. [...] Already in the first half of October, the division's first large-scale operation was scheduled, which was conceived by Phleps as more of a combined arms exercise under wartime conditions. The enemy was the operational headquarters of the rebel commander of Central Serbia, Major Keserović, in the Kopaonik Mountains, around Kriva Reka." After the (failed) Kopaonik operation, which ended with a horrific massacre of civilians in Kriva Reka, the Banat SS division continued cleansing Southwestern Serbia from Chetnik units. Pictured, members of the "Prinz Eugen" Division search the captured Chetniks in Serbia, in late October 1942.

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: Homann, SS War Correspondent Battalion.

Date: October 1942.

Location: unknown, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

File source: National Archives, 242-JRP-34-29-6.

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Pravdajući stvaranje folksdojčerske SS-divizije "Princ Ojgen", August Šmidhuber, poslednji komandant divizije, na sudu u Beogradu je u svojoj završnoj reči izjavio: "Svaki narod ima pravo od svojih nacionalnih manjina u inostranstvu da očekuje zdravo nacionalno osećanje. Zašto Nemci u Banatu ne bi smeli da se ponose svojom nemačkom nacionalnošću? Logičan je, dakle, nastanak divizije 'Princ Ojgen'. To što je divizija napustila Banat, kriv je Draža Mihailović: morali smo nastupati na Kopaonik." Naravno, implikacija da je prvobitna namena divizije banatskih Švaba bila obezbeđenje (ravničarskog) Banata nije bila tačna, jer je ova jedinica od samog početka bila zvanično brdska, obučavana za brdsko, protivgerilsko ratovanje. Međutim, tačno jeste to da je divizija svoj rodni kraj napustila prvenstveno radi borbe protiv pobunjene jugoslovenske vojske, odnosno četnika generala Mihailovića. Pretposlednji komandant divizije, Oto Kum, u svom istorijatu divizije je napisao: "Početkom oktobra 1942. godine, divizija je premeštena u jugozapadni deo Srbije kako bi ovaj prostor – nastavljajući intenzivnu obuku – obezbedila. Posle krvavog suzbijanja komunističkog i nacionalističkog ustanka u Srbiji od strane nemačkih trupa u jesen 1941. godine, koje je posebno pogodilo gradove Šabac, Kraljevo, Kragujevac, Kruševac i dr., u ovom području relativno preovladava mir. Naravno, grupe naoružanih ustanika, posebno nacionalnih četnika, još uvek krstare po šumama i planinama; ali je njihova volja za borbom ozbiljno uzdrmana. [...] Već u prvoj polovini oktobra, zakazana je prva velika operacija divizije, koju je Fleps zamislio više kao vežbu združenih rodova u ratnim uslovima. Neprijatelj je operativni štab ustaničkog komandanta centralne Srbije, majora Keserovića, na Kopaoniku, oko Krive Reke." Nakon (neuspele) kopaoničke operacije, koja je okončana stravičnim pokoljem civila u Krivoj Reci, banatska SS-divizija je nastavila čišćenje jugozapadne Srbije od četničkih jedinica. Na slici, pripadnici "Princ Ojgen" divizije pretresaju zarobljene četnike u Srbiji, krajem oktobra 1942. 

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: Homan, Ratnodopisnički bataljon SS-a.

Datum: oktobar 1942.

Mesto: nepoznato, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvor fajla: National Archives, 242-JRP-34-29-6.

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0349 | Photo | SS-Freiwilligen-Gebirgs-Division "Prinz Eugen"

Operations "Axis" and "Gaiseric". The exhausted soldiers of the SS Division "Prinz Eugen" recount their traumatic experiences from the eight-day Partisan siege to their rescuers from the 92nd Grenadier Regiment. On the early morning of 16 September 1943, the II Battalion of the 1st Regiment, "Prinz Eugen" Division, was sent from Sinj to Klis as a reinforcement to the regimental group that the Partisans held blocked in the Klis fortress, for several days already, preventing its planned advance towards Split. Halfway between Sinj and Klis, near the village of Dicmo, the battalion was intercepted by numerically superior Partisan forces, attacked from three sides and almost completely smashed in shortest time. (According to Axis data, the German column numbered about 600 men, while the Partisan forces numbered about 3000. However, the number of Partisans was probably exaggerated.) The surviving members of the battalion dug themselves in Sv. Jakov, a hamlet of Dicmo, from where they offered a bitter resistance for full eight days. Among them, there were the battalion commander, SS-Sturmbannführer Wilhelm Breimaier, and Croatian Minister Edo Bulat (with escort), who travelled to Split on business. Already on the second day of the siege, the German corps command wrote in its evening report: "The battalion has 300 bloody losses, and another 100 missing. The loss of the battalion is expected." The Partisans ruthlessly showered the SS men with gun and artillery fire, attacked them twice, unsuccessfully, while the division, also unsuccessfully, sent them reinforcements twice. The following detail from one of the Partisan reports speaks enough about the brutality of the fighting and mutual hatred: "The enemy are fighting bitterly, and there are many cases of soldiers cutting their own throats after realising they would fall into our hands." Finally, on the ninth day of the Partisan siege, the anguished SS men were rescued by a motorised group composed of the 92nd Grenadier Regiment and strong SS units led by the division commander. SS war correspondent Westermann, who followed the group, wrote in his report: "When we entered the village, it looked like every man of the besieged battalion was wounded." Among the wounded, there were both Breimaier and Bulat, who, together with other survivors, were then sent to recuperate back to Sinj. (The minister lost three men of his escort, among whom was the notorious friar and Poglavnik's personal chaplain, Dionizije Juričev.) Having relieved (the remnants of) the battalion in Dicmo, the German motorised group, together with the SS division's II Battalion, 2nd Regiment, relieved the besieged group in Klis on the following day, and captured the city of Split two days later. (On the same day, in Sinj, Minister Bulat wrote the following to his government about German actions during these operations: "The German armed forces react to the horrific Partisan provocations by destroying buildings and killing innocent people, and persons proven to be on our side." In the same town, a month and a week later, SS-Sturmbannführer Breimaier ordered the execution of 25 civilians in retaliation for the murder of one of his soldiers.) 

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: Westermann, SS War Correspondent Battalion.

Date: 24 September 1943.

Location: Dicmo (district of Sinj), Yugoslavia.

Original caption: "We were besieged for five days. The first conversation with comrades of the Army, who relieved the besieged battalion together with units of the Waffen-SS. The SS mountain troopers dug themselves into the rocky ground right in front of the village, where they resisted the superior enemy for five days."

File source: NIOD / Beeldbank WO2, 20723.

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Operacije "Osovina" i "Gajzerih". Iscrpljeni vojnici SS-divizije "Princ Ojgen" prepričavaju traumatična iskustva iz osmodnevne partizanske opsade svojim spasiocima iz 92. grenadirskog puka. U rano jutro 16. septembra 1943. godine iz Sinja je prema Klisu upućen II bataljon 1. puka divizije "Princ Ojgen", kao pojačanje pukovskoj grupi koju su partizani već nekoliko dana držali pod blokadom u Kliškoj tvrđavi, sprečavajući njen planirani prodor ka Splitu. Na pola puta između Sinja i Klisa, kod sela Dicma, bataljon su presrele brojčano nadmoćnije partizanske snage, sa tri strane ga napale i u najkraćem roku skoro potpuno razbile. (Prema osovinskim podacima, nemačka kolona je brojala oko 600 ljudi, a partizanske snage oko 3000. Broj partizana je, međutim, verovatno preuveličan.) Preživeli pripadnici bataljona ukopali su se u Sv. Jakovu, zaseoku Dicma, odakle su ogorčeno pružali otpor punih osam dana. Među njima su bili i komandant bataljona, SS-šturmbanfirer Vilhelm Brajmajer, i hrvatski ministar Edo Bulat (sa pratnjom), koji je poslom putovao u Split. Već drugog dana opsade, komanda nemačkog korpusa je u svom večernjem izveštaju napisala: "Bataljon ima 300 krvavih gubitaka, i još 100 nestalih. Očekuje se gubitak bataljona." Partizani su esesovce nemilosrdno zasipali puščanom i artiljerijskom vatrom, dva puta bezuspešno napadali, dok im je divizija, takođe bezuspešno, dva puta slala pojačanje. O surovosti borbi i međusobnoj mržnji dovoljno govori sledeći detalj iz jednog od partizanskih izveštaja: "Neprijatelj se bori ogorčeno, tako da ima mnogo slučajeva da su se pojedini vojnici sami klali kad su uvidili da će pasti u naše ruke." Konačno, devetog dana partizanske opsade, izmrcvarenim esesovcima stigao je spas u vidu motorizovane grupe sačinjene od 92. grenadirskog puka i jakih SS-jedinica predvođenih komandantom divizije. Ratni dopisnik SS-a Vesterman, koji je pratio ovu grupu, zapisao je u svom izveštaju: "Kada smo ušli u selo, izgledalo je kao da je svaki pripadnik opkoljenog bataljona bio ranjen." Među ranjenima su bili i Brajmajer i Bulat, koji su potom, sa ostalim preživelima, poslati na oporavak natrag u Sinj. (Ministar je izgubio trojicu ljudi iz svoje pratnje, među kojima je bio i zloglasni fratar i poglavnikov lični kapelan, Dionizije Juričev.) Po oslobađanju (ostataka) bataljona u Dicmu, nemačka motorizovana grupa je, zajedno sa II bataljonom 2. puka SS-divizije, narednog dana oslobodila opkoljenu grupu u Klisu, i dva dana kasnije zauzela grad Split. (Istog dana, u Sinju, ministar Bulat je o nemačkim postupcima tokom ovih operacija svom predsedništvu vlade napisao sledeće: "Na užasna izazivanja partizana njemačke oružane snage reagiraju uništavanjem zgrada i ubijanjem pučanstva koje je nevino, i lica dokazano uz nas." U istom gradu, mesec i nedelju dana kasnije, SS-šturmbanfirer Brajmajer je naredio pogubljenje 25 civila u cilju odmazde za ubistvo jednog svog vojnika.) 

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: Vesterman, Ratnodopisnički bataljon SS-a.

Datum: 24. septembar 1943.

Mesto: Dicmo (srez Sinjski), Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: "Pet dana smo bili opkoljeni. Prvi razgovor sa drugovima iz vojske, koji su opkoljeni bataljon oslobodili zajedno sa jedinicama SS-trupa. Brdski lovci SS-a ukopali su se na samom ulazu u selo u kamenjar, gde su pet dana odolevali nadmoćnom neprijatelju."

Izvor fajla: NIOD / Beeldbank WO2, 20723.

NIJE DOZVOLJENO: uklanjanje naziva izvora sa fajlova – korišćenje teksta bez navođenja izvornog autora – korišćenje fajlova i informacija u političko-propagandne i komercijalne svrhe.

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0348 | Photo | Narodnooslobodilačka vojska Jugoslavije

A fantastic portrait of an old fighter with a sickle and hammer embroidered on his šubara hat, a member of the III Shock or I Proletarian Division, taken by fine-art photographer Žorž Skrigin during the second phase of German Operation "White", in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: Žorž Skrigin, Theatre of People's Liberation.

Date: February 1943.

Location: unknown, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

File source: Žorž Skrigin, "Rat i pozornica" (p. 137).

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Fantastičan portret jednog starog borca sa izvezenim srpom i čekićem na šubari, pripadnika III udarne ili I proleterske divizije, koji je za vreme druge faze nemačke operacije "Belo", u Bosni i Hercegovini, snimio umetnički fotograf Žorž Skrigin.

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: Žorž Skrigin, Kazalište narodnog oslobođenja.

Datum: februar 1943.

Mesto: nepoznato, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvor fajla: Žorž Skrigin, "Rat i pozornica" (str. 137).

NIJE DOZVOLJENO: uklanjanje naziva izvora sa fajlova – korišćenje teksta bez navođenja izvornog autora – korišćenje fajlova i informacija u političko-propagandne i komercijalne svrhe.

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0347 | Photo | 13. SS-Freiwilligen b. h. Gebirgs-Division (Kroatien)

Grand Mufti of Jerusalem visits the 13th SS Division. With the help of his interpreter, Dr Salih Hadžialić, the Grand Mufti chats with young artillerymen in Neuhammer. The boy on whose shoulder he placed his hand is called Jašar, nicknamed "the kid". It is the youngest of the five brothers whose pictures would tour the occupied Europe half a year later as a volunteer sensation, entitled "Five brothers and one howitzer". (Note: Dr Salih Hadžialić studied at the Al-Azhar University in Cairo together with Husein Đozo, deputy division imam, who also escorted the mufti on this occasion.)

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: Werner Mielke, SS Regiment "Kurt Eggers".

Date: November 1943.

Location: Neuhammer am Queis (district of Sprottau), Germany.

Original caption: "The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem with Bosnian volunteers of the Waffen-SS. The Grand Mufti in a cordial conversation with a volunteer of the division."

File source: National Archives, 242-JRP-62-47-10.

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Veliki muftija jerusalimski u poseti 13. SS-diviziji. Uz pomoć svog prevodioca, dr Saliha Hadžialića, veliki muftija ćaska sa mladim artiljercima u Nojhameru. Momak na čije je rame stavio ruku zove se Jašar, zvani "mali". U pitanju je najmlađi od petorice braće čije će slike pola godine kasnije obići okupiranu Evropu kao dobrovoljačka senzacija, pod naslovom "Petorica braće i jedna haubica". (Napomena: dr Salih Hadžialić je studirao na Univerzitetu Al-Azhar u Kairu zajedno sa Huseinom Đozom, zamenikom imama divizije, koji se ovom prilikom takođe nalazio u muftijinoj sviti.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: Verner Milke, SS-puk "Kurt Egers".

Datum: novembar 1943.

Mesto: Nojhamer na Kvisi (okrug Šprotau), Nemačka.

Originalni natpis: "Veliki muftija jerusalimski kod bosanskih dobrovoljaca SS-trupa. Veliki muftija u srdačnom razgovoru sa jednim dobrovoljcem divizije."

Izvor fajla: National Archives, 242-JRP-62-47-10.

NIJE DOZVOLJENO: uklanjanje naziva izvora sa fajlova – korišćenje teksta bez navođenja izvornog autora – korišćenje fajlova i informacija u političko-propagandne i komercijalne svrhe.

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0346 | Photo | Jugoslovenska vojska u otadžbini

A group of Yugoslav Chetniks (some of whom wear pieces of British uniform) posing with their weaponry. At the centre of attention, of course, are the heavy weapons: German MG 34 machine gun (centre) and British Boys anti-tank rifle Mk II (on the ground). (The bearded soldier standing behind the machine gunner is Jewish volunteer Aaron Ringel.)

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: unknown.

Date: 1944.

Location: unknown, Yugoslavia.

Original caption: unknown.

File source: Yad Vashem, 3630/3.

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Grupa jugoslovenskih četnika (od kojih nekolicina nosi delove britanske uniforme) pozira sa naoružanjem. U centru pažnje je, naravno, teško oružje: nemački mitraljez MG 34 (sredina) i britanska Bojsova protivtenkovska puška Mk II (na zemlji). (Vojnik s bradom koji stoji iza mitraljesca je jevrejski dobrovoljac Aron Ringel.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: nepoznat.

Datum: 1944.

Mesto: nepoznato, Jugoslavija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvor fajla: Yad Vashem, 3630/3.

NIJE DOZVOLJENO: uklanjanje naziva izvora sa fajlova – korišćenje teksta bez navođenja izvornog autora – korišćenje fajlova i informacija u političko-propagandne i komercijalne svrhe.

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0345 | Photo | Waffen-Gebirgs-(Karstjäger-)Brigade der SS

The last days of the war. Members of the British 6th Armoured Division escorting delegates of Battle Group Harmel (blindfolded, for security reasons) to negotiate terms of surrender, near the village of Dogna, Italy (seen in the background is the Masonry Bridge, Ponte di Muro). The task of SS-Brigadeführer Heinz Harmel's battle group, whose main force consisted of remnants of the SS Karst Jäger Brigade (a unit that was meant to become the 24th SS Division), was to make sure that the troops retreating from Yugoslavia and Italy cross the German (Austrian) border and surrender to the Allies, instead of the Yugoslav Partisans (from whom they expected a cruel revenge). The German (Austrian) officer in the foreground is SS-Obersturmführer Oswin Merwald of the SS Karst Jäger Brigade, the man who, in retaliation for a Partisan attack on his soldiers, in October 1943, burnt down the village of Strmec (at the Predel Pass), killing the entire male population. On his left sleeve, he still wears a cuff title of the Austrian "Der Führer" Regiment, in which he served during the invasion of Yugoslavia (the same as Heinz Harmel). Shining on his chest, next to the Iron Cross, is the Bandit-Fighting Badge (Bandenkampfabzeichen). (As far as is known, Merwald was never prosecuted for the Strmec crime, nor was he declared a war criminal.)

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: unknown.

Date: 7 May 1945.

Location: Dogna (province of Udine), Italy.

Original caption: unknown.

File source: A. J. Barker, "Waffen-SS at War" (p. 112).

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Poslednji dani rata. Pripadnici britanske 6. oklopne divizije sprovode delegate Borbene grupe Harmel (sa povezima na očima, iz bezbednosnih razloga) na pregovore o uslovima predaje, u blizini sela Dunje, u Italiji (u pozadini se vidi Zidani most, Ponte di Muro). Zadatak borbene grupe SS-brigadefirera Hajnca Harmela, čije su glavne snage činili ostaci Kraškolovačke SS-brigade (nesuđene 24. SS-divizije), bio je da omogući trupama u povlačenju iz Jugoslavije i Italije prelaz preko nemačke (austrijske) granice i predaju saveznicima, umesto jugoslovenskim partizanima (od kojih se očekivala surova osveta). Nemački (austrijski) oficir u prvom planu je SS-oberšturmfirer Osvin Mervald iz Kraškolovačke SS-brigade, čovek koji je oktobra 1943. godine, u cilju odmazde za jedan partizanski napad na njegove vojnike, spalio selo Strmec (na Predelu), pobivši celokupno muško stanovništvo. Na levom rukavu on i dalje nosi traku s imenom austrijskog puka "Firer", u kojem je služio za vreme invazije na Jugoslaviju (kao i Hajnc Harmel). Na njegovim prsima, pored Gvozdenog krsta, sjaji se Značka za borbu protiv bandi (Bandenkampfabzeichen). (Koliko je poznato, Mervald nikada nije odgovarao za zločin u Strmecu, niti je proglašen za ratnog zločinca.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: nepoznat.

Datum: 7. maj 1945.

Mesto: Dunja (provincija Videm), Italija.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvor fajla: A. J. Barker, "Waffen-SS at War" (str. 112).

NIJE DOZVOLJENO: uklanjanje naziva izvora sa fajlova – korišćenje teksta bez navođenja izvornog autora – korišćenje fajlova i informacija u političko-propagandne i komercijalne svrhe.

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0344 | Photo | Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen

Germany vs Yugoslavia football match in Vienna. Serbs and Croats defending against German-Austrian attackers! Yugoslav goalkeeper Franjo Glaser (on the left, born in Osijek) and right-back Đorđe Stojiljković (centre, born in Kragujevac) clear the ball out of their penalty box during the attack of the German centre-forward, Austrian Hans Pesser (on the right, born in Vienna). The third (friendly) match between the national teams of the German Reich (eight Austrians and three Germans) and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia (six Serbs and five Croats), played on 14 April 1940 at the Prater Stadium before 50000 spectators, ended with the result of 2–1, in favor of the Yugoslavs. (Germany and Yugoslavia played four matches before the war, all friendly; the first two ended with a German victory and the other two with a Yugoslav victory.) A year later, in Yugoslavia, at the front, the Croats would be joining the German-Austrian attackers in the fight against the Serbs; excerpts from the reports of the German 2nd Army, 14 April 1941: "At 10:43, it was noted that there was fighting between Serbs and Croats in Mostar, and that the German Air Force attacked the Serbs near Mostar on one or two occasions. At 16:00, it was confirmed that 20000 Serbs were fighting with the Croats in Mostar, and that the Croatian positions were marked with white cloths." "The Croatian uprising is spreading in Dalmatia. Croatian and Serbian units are fighting each other. The 2nd Army can expect only sporadic resistance from units commanded by energetic Serbian commanders." (The Kingdom of Yugoslavia capitulated three days later.)

Text: Ivan Ž.

Photographer: unknown.

Date: 14 April 1940.

Location: Vienna, Germany.

Original caption: unknown.

File source: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, S 627/309.

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Fudbalska utakmica Nemačka–Jugoslavija u Beču. Srbi i Hrvati u odbrani protiv nemačko-austrijskih napadača! Jugoslovenski golman Franjo Glazer (levo, rodom iz Osijeka) i desni bek Đorđe Stojiljković (sredina, rodom iz Kragujevca) udruženim snagama izbacuju loptu iz kaznenog prostora tokom napada nemačkog centarfora, Austrijanca Hansa Pesera (desno, rodom iz Beča). Ova, treća po redu (prijateljska) utakmica između reprezentacija Nemačkog Rajha (osam Austrijanaca i tri Nemca) i Kraljevine Jugoslavije (šest Srba i pet Hrvata), odigrana 14. aprila 1940. godine na Prater-stadionu pred 50000 gledalaca, završena je rezultatom 2–1, u korist Jugoslovena. (Nemačka i Jugoslavija su pre rata odigrale četiri utakmice, sve prijateljske; prve dve su završene pobedom Nemaca, a druge dve pobedom Jugoslovena.) Godinu dana kasnije, u Jugoslaviji, na frontu, nemačko-austrijskim napadačima u borbi protiv Srba pridružiće se i Hrvati; izvodi iz izveštaja nemačke 2. armije od 14. aprila 1941: "U 10.43 časova konstatovano je da se u Mostaru vode borbe između Srba i Hrvata, i da je nemačko vazduhoplovstvo u dva-tri maha napadalo Srbe kod Mostara. U 16.00 potvrđeno je da se 20000 Srba kod Mostara bori sa Hrvatima, s tim što su hrvatski položaji obeleženi belim platnima." "U Dalmaciji se proširio ustanak Hrvata. Tamo se hrvatske i srpske jedinice nalaze u međusobnoj borbi. Druga armija može računati samo sa mestimičnim otporom jedinica pod komandom energičnih srpskih komandanata." (Kraljevina Jugoslavija je kapitulirala tri dana kasnije.)

Tekst: Ivan Ž.

Fotograf: nepoznat.

Datum: 14. april 1940.

Mesto: Beč, Nemačka.

Originalni natpis: nepoznat.

Izvor fajla: Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, S 627/309.

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